Though the research was performed in a specialised, heavily instrumented video laboratory, Yaser Sheikh, an assistant research professor of robotics who led the research team, said the techniques might eventually be applied to large-scale reconstructions of sporting events or performances captured by hundreds of cameras wielded by spectators.
The video lab, called the Panoptic Studio, also can be used to capture the fine details of people interacting.
In contrast to most previous work, which has typically involved around 10 to 20 video feeds, the Carnegie Mellon researchers weren’t concerned about gaps in data as their camera system can track 100,000 points at a time. Instead, they need to ascertain which of the multiple video trajectories can see each of those points and select only those camera views for the reconstruction.
‘At some point, extra camera views just become ’noise,’‘ said Hanbyul Joo, a Ph.D. student in the Robotics Institute. ‘To fully leverage hundreds of cameras, we need to figure out which cameras can see each target point at any given time.’
The research team is said to have developed a technique for estimating visibility that uses motion as a cue. In contrast to motion capture systems that use balls or other markers, the researchers used established techniques for automatically identifying and tracking points based on appearance features, in this case, distinctive patterns. For each point, the system then seeks to determine which cameras see motion that is consistent with that point.
If a point on a person’s chest is being tracked and most cameras show that point is moving to the right, a camera that picks up motion in the opposite direction is likely seeing a person or object that is in between the target and the camera. Alternatively, it may indicate the person has turned and the chest is no longer visible to the camera. In either case, the system knows that camera cannot see the target point and that its video feed is not useful for 3D reconstruction involving that point.
Other researchers have been able to use images from a large number of cameras, such as smartphones, to create 3D reconstructions of still images, Joo said in a statement. But without methods such as the visibility estimation technique, 3D motion reconstruction at such a large scale has not been possible.
In the Panoptic Studio, the researchers have 480 video cameras, plus an additional 30 high-definition video cameras, arrayed all around and halfway up the walls of a geodesic dome that can easily accommodate 10 people.
Such a dense array of cameras enables the researchers to perform 3D motion reconstructions not previously possible. These include 3D reconstructions of a person tossing confetti into the air, with each piece of paper tracked until it reaches the floor. In another case, confetti is fed into a fan, enabling a motion capture of the airflow. ‘You couldn’t put markers on the paper without changing the flow,’ Joo explained.
Likewise, such techniques might be used for reconstruction of the motion of animals, which typically can’t be instrumented.
The findings were presented at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference, June 24-27, in Columbus, Ohio.
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