Quaternary ammonium salts were used as ethylene source for the direct ethylation of benzylic amines. Simple Hofmann elimination delivers the olefin in situ avoiding the need for gaseous reagents and autoclave technology. The alkylation takes place under rhodium catalysis, requiring inert atmosphere, with exclusive selectivity for the C(sp3)-H bond.
Fusion inches closer as ITER completes magnet system
The problem with a Tokamak shape for the fusion plasma, is that the magnetic field from the central solenoid reduces from the centre outwards, leading...