Traditionally piezo ceramic actuators have not been able to operate within harsh/humid environments. Furthermore, two temperature-related problems have limited the number of applications for piezo actuators. Firstly, internal heating of the ceramic from use at high frequency, for extended periods. Secondly, external environmental conditions. Encapsulation of the actuator offers an opportunity to overcome all of these problems by allowing the environment directly in contact with the ceramic to be controlled. This paper presents R&D work done on encapsulated actuators, design work, and thermal simulation calculations with an emphasis on experimental results.
Virgin Atlantic’s Flight100 saved 95 tonnes of CO2 in first SAF flight
Good comment. I think these reports are different from many others , in that they were prepared outside the government and the issues, they raised, of...