Surface roughness has a strong influence on polymer properties, affecting the surface wettability, friction, and adhesion, as well as optoelectronic properties such as photon absorption, light reflection, etc.
On this application report we use the new atomic force microscope (AFM) from Anton Paar, the Tosca 400, to characterise several engineering polymers at production stage.
Comment: The UK is closer to deindustrialisation than reindustrialisation
But is VAT to blame? Manufacturers are taxed on the value added to a product, lets say a billet of steel is purchased. They add value by shaping and...