Biomass gasification process doubles fuel production

The gasification process was developed by researchers at the University of Massachusetts (UMass) Amherst and Minnesota University.

Paul Dauenhauer of the UMass Amherst chemical engineering department said that the new approach involves the gasifications of biomass in the presence of precisely controlled amounts of carbon dioxide and methane in a special catalytic reactor.

He said that applying the new technique allows the researchers to use 100 per cent of the carbon in the biomass for making biofuels. That doubles the proportion of fuel-producing carbon produced by a conventional gasification process done in one reactor while converting biomass to biofuels.

Dauenhauer claims that the new method, when perfected in as little as two years, could be a major step forward in the quest for a production-ready process to convert biomass to biofuel.

Currently, biomass can be converted to fuels by gasification, which uses high temperatures to break feedstock down into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can then be made into various fuels, including hydrocarbons. However, there is a major drawback – about half of the carbon in the biomass gets converted to carbon dioxide rather than into carbon monoxide, a precursor for fuels. The question for Dauenhauer and the research team was how to improve that technology. One of the ways is to control the breakdown environment.