We use the Tosca 400 atomic force microscope (AFM) as a quality control tool to check for differences in titanium (Ti) metal grain structure before and after failure. Ti metal was subjected to strained metal failure by tensile pulling and the metal surface was examined for changes in grain structure, surface roughness and topography. Clear differences were found before (unstrained, native Ti metal) and after failure (strained to fracture Ti metal) to provide a unique way to characterize failure for correlating to functional properties of Ti metal. This approach provides insight into metal composition and to check for impurities/contaminants which can contribute to failure.
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Virgin Atlantic’s Flight100 saved 95 tonnes of CO2 in first SAF flight
Good comment. I think these reports are different from many others , in that they were prepared outside the government and the issues, they raised, of...